Topic 8 - Organisms

 

The Sciences:  Chapter 20 and 25

 

1)  In what ways is the Linnaean classification scheme like a postal address?  In what ways is it different?

 

Answer:  Both systems help us locate something by getting progressively more specific.  The postal address specifies country, state, city, street, street address, etc.  Likewise the Linnaean system specifies kingdom, phylum, etc.  The Linnean system groups similar items together, however.  The postal system does group all apartment building together or separate suburbs into one class and cities in another. 

 

2)  Compare the strategy of fungi with plants with regards to obtaining food.

 

Answer:  Fungi obtain food from both living and dead plants and animals and animal wastes, by absorbing these food sources after they have been digested by secreted enzymes.  Although fungi are plant-like they do not do photosynthesis as the plants do, to produce their own food. 

 

3)  What solution and what problem does an exoskeleton create for an arthropod?

 

Answer:  It protects the arthropod, but it also prevents much expansion of the inner, soft tissues so in order to grow, so the exoskeleton must be shed.  This creates periods in the life cycle when the arthropod is less protected and more vulnerable to environmental conditions such as drought, heat and wind and to predators. 

 

1.Well I think that like a postal address the classifications have many items or species under each category.  Postal address has zip codes and depending on where you live different numbers will be used.  Like linnaean's classification different species types can only be found in certain areas.  Also the zip code goes with certain cities just as in the scheme, certain species need to go with other species to fit and survive.

 Differences are that the categories can mix and match more different species being under more than one category but in a postal address everything has its specific place only.

2.Fungi absorb their food through the filaments they send out.  They break down dead organic material.  Plants on the other hand get their energy and food through the sun by photosynthesis taking carbon dioxide from the air and combines with water and sunlight. 

3.I think that the solution is that the arthropod is able to support their structure against gravity.  It also helps as a protective layer against animal predators.  The problem is that the layer of skin does not grow so it has to shed or molt periodically.

 

Q1=It is kind of like zip codes.  Every piece of mail is put in a group with all of the other pieces of mail that have that same zip code.  In the Linnaean classification they group all living things together by their similar characteristics.

Q2=Fungi get their nutrients and energy from absorbing materials from their environment.  Plants get their energy directly from the sun through photosynthesis.  So the fungi pretty much depend on the sun to flourish the plants so that they can feed off of the plants and the other things that feed on the plants.

Q3=The exoskeleton creates a "coat of armor"  that protects the arthropods from predators.  One of the problems is that the exoskeleton does not grow with the insect.  The solution that it gives them to this problem is that they shed this exoskeleton and grow a new one periodically.

 

1. Linnaean classification uses categories to identify a particular species in a category or subcategory.  We use this method as we use a state to identify a county or town.  The classification helps us to categorize and pin point both addresses and species.  However with animals we don't always need to know the overall species to identify a specific animal but with identifying or finding a town you would need to know the state most likely to be completely accurate abou the towns location.

2. Fungi absorb food directly throuh filament stalks.  They break down organic material.  Plants take energy from the sun through photosenthesis and absorb water.

3.  Arthropods have the problem of finding a way to support their structures against the pull of gravity.  They solve this problem with a hard external covering known as an exoskeleton.

 

1. It gives certain things a unique classification, such as Pella is given the zip code 50219. It is different because some things are all classified together, where the is no other town or city with the same zip code as Pella.

2. Fungi obtain there food and energy by absorbing materials from their environment. Plants get their food and energy directly from the sun and through photosynthesis.

3. The exoskeleton supports their structures against the pull of gravity. It also protects them from predators. A problem that this exoskeleton creates is that the anthropods lose this shell periodically, this is called molting.

 

Q1=It's like a postal system because when classifing organisms you start big then get more specific.  Like you'd start with specifing a certain country then move to a certain town and finally down to the specific address. Each step in this list representes a da seperation, a splitting off.  The difference is that instead of using political and geographical distinctions such as city or country, it uses biological ones.

Q2=Plants use the sun's energy for photosynthesis to make their own food.  Fungi grow by sending out filaments.  These filaments absorb food directly through their stalks.

Q3=The hard exoskelton provides an evolutionary advantage to arthropods: it is a "coat of armor" that protects the amimals from predatord.  A problem that it brings is that the exoskeleton can't grow so there for the arthropods has to shed their shell and grow a new on in a process call molting.

 

1.  Things with similar characteristics are group together packages small, large, envelopes, zip codes and towns.

Postal doesn't have a broad acception like humans and squirrels Two towns don't recieve the same mail or postage

2.  Plants get food from carbon dioxide in the air Fungi breaks down other materials with their filaments which is where the food comes from

3.  Enemy can't get to them because of it the "coat of armor" but they have to constantly shed to grow

 

Q1=The Linnaean classification scheme is similar to a postal address, because in the Linnaean classificationliving things are grouped together by their shared characteristics so taht organisims that resemble each other are close to other organisims with similar resemblance.  This is similar to a postal address in the fact that similar 'organisms' (a family) lives at a certain address thus their mail is sent to that group of classified beings.  It's different, because you are dealing with organisms vs. mail.

Q2=Fungi obtain food energy by absorbing itself to energy supplying materials in its environment.  However, plants get their energy directly from the Sun and the process of photosynthesis.

Q3=The exoskeleton creats a "coat of armor" for the arthropod.  It protects it from predators. They shed this coat often throught the process of molting.  Basically, it keeps predators away and a problem would be that the arthropods are not able to move very well because of their hard exoskeleton.

 

1. It is the same because the top line is your name and the top is the name of the specific thing.  And underneath your name is the direction of the name, more indeath of the name.  And they are different because you have a lot more catagories.

2. Fungi and plants make their own food by photosynthesis.

3. They help them do their job, yet they restrict them from doing their job by slowing them down.

 

Q1=It is comparable in that both are brokend down by classification from the broadest to the narrowest. It is different becuase a postal address is pretty much a known fact of info. where the Linnaean is known but has components that are not yet discovered.

Q2=Fungi have to digest their food before they can absorb it Plants eat their food than digest it. 

Q3=The problem for exoskeleton is that they can not grow, the solution is that they peridocally shed their exoskelton.

 

Q1=it is like a postal address because it classifies things by thier shared characteristics so that each organism is as close as possible to those other organisms that is resembles and far away from those it doesnt. much like a postal address that classifies areas by where they are and thier closeness to each other.  it is different because of obvious reasons, but also because some organisms might live in other areas but have the same characteristics, so they would be classified differently.

Q2=they both get thier energy and food from other sources. fungi get thier energy and food from by absorbing nutrients from thier environment, and plants get it from the sun through photosynthesis, and it absorbes otherthings into it to get engergy and food.

Q3=the solution of an exoskeleton is that it helps to support thier structures against the pull of gravity, it also is form of protection against preditors.  im not sure about a problem, but it could be that the exoskeleton does not grow, so they have to continually shed this covering. this could leave them vonerable to preditors since their exoskeleton will not be hard right way.

 

Q1=The Linnaean classification has similarities with a postal address in that it breaks into different categories or classifications for organisms, much like a postal address breaks down where a person lives in the world.  You could say that a species is the country, genus is the state, kingdom is the county, phylum the city or town you live near, class would be the township you live in, order would be the road you live on, and family would be your box number.  The breakdown of categories is similar, but when it comes to the classification of living organisms, there are many sub-species or other branches related to other species, while a postal address can single out one individual, whereas a Linnaean classification singles out the individual in light of what group they fit into.  Besides, postal addresses apply only to homo sapiens with a certain fixed place of living, leaving other living organisms without one.

Q2=Plants obtain food through sunlight, using the energy to conduct photosynthesis within itself, creating energy needed for it's survival/life processes.  Fungi, on the other hand, are quite different.  Fungi get their food by feeding off of the energy created by the absorption of energy from plants themselves.  They can be mushrooms, molds, and yeast.  These things feed off of the life processes of other living organisms.  Fungi are very much dependent on the breakdown of energy by other living orgaisms.

Q3=An anthropods exoskeleton plays important rolers.  The exoskeleton provides a way for anthropods to support their structures against the pull of gravity.  It also plays the part of "body armor" for the anthropod, protecting it from its enemies.  The problem about the exoskeleton is that it doesn't grow, it is shed periodically, and a new one is grown in a process called molting.  During this time an anthropod is vulnerable to its enemies, living it with a greater chance of not surviving to the next molting period.

 

1) "The purpose of the Linnaean classification was to group all living things according to their shared characteristics so that each organism is as close as possible to those other organisms that it resembles and as far as possible from those it does not."  A postal address typically includes a house number, street name, city, state, and zip code.  My neighbors are classified together because we all share these parts of our address: street name, city, state, and zip code.

The Linnaen classification groups resembling organisms.  It is different from a postal address in the following ways:

*all organisms classified together aren't always found in one area of the world.

*postal addresses are used by one particular organism, humans, whereas a linnaen classification might group humans, dolphins, whales, and monkeys together just because they are all mammals.  They all live in different places and act in many different ways.

2) Fungi are multicellular organisms that get their energy and nutrients by absorbing materials from their environment.  Plants are multicellular organisms that get their energy directly from the sun through photosynthesis (taking carbon dioxide from the air and combining it with water and sunlight to form the energy-rich molecules known as sugars, plus oxygen).

3) The exoskeleton of an anthropod supports the body against the pull of gravity.  The hard exoskeleton is used as a "coat of armor" protecting it from predators.  A problem is that the exoskeleton can not grow so it must molt periodically.